Immigrants make up 13% of the U.S. population. They come here in pursuit
of the American Dream, an opportunity for a better life in exchange for
hard work. For many, their unique skills and fresh perspectives lead
them to entrepreneurship.
That may explain why one small-business owner in six in the U.S. is an
immigrant, according to a recent report by the Fiscal Policy Institute's
Immigration Research Initiative. Professional and business services,
such as waste-disposal services and office administration and cleaning,
boast the largest number of immigrant business owners, followed by
retail, construction, educational and social services, and leisure and
hospitality industries. "Immigrants are such a varied group with people
from countries all around the world that have a wide range of skill sets
. . . and these [fields] have always been a natural fit" both locally
and nationally, says David Dyssegaard Kallick, director of FPI's
Immigration Research Initiative.
The seven entrepreneurs featured here come from diverse backgrounds.
They made their millions (and, in one case, billions) in industries
ranging from Internet technology to restaurant services. Here are their
stories.
01. Josie Natori
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Age: 64
Country of origin: Philippines
Occupation: Founder and CEO, the Natori Company
Her advice to immigrant entrepreneurs: "There is no better place in the
world for an immigrant to succeed than in the U.S. Follow your dream and
make it happen."
Moving from the Philippines to Westchester, N.Y., to attend
Manhattanville College in 1964 was a complete culture shock for Natori.
"The cold winters, the food and the sense of humor were just different. I
was very homesick," she told Kiplinger. But it never stopped her.
After earning an economics degree, she went to work for Bache &
Company on Wall Street, moving to Merrill Lynch in 1971. But climbing
the corporate ladder wasn't enough. "While I loved the [corporate]
culture, I also had a very strong desire to build something myself," she
says.
In 1974, Natori became a U.S. citizen. And after giving birth to a son
in 1976, she and her husband Ken brainstormed a variety of ideas for
starting her own business -- from opening a car wash to running a
McDonald's franchise. It was by chance in 1977, however, that she would
become a high-end women’s sleepwear designer after showing a nightgown
(made from what was originally a hand-embroidered blouse) to a buyer at
Bloomingdale's.
In the early days, Natori ran her company solo. "It's easy to take for
granted the amount of work that goes into [making] the clothes you see
in stores," she says. "There are so many elements -- from the design
concept to production -- that all need to work in order to make
something happen." Today, she has nearly 400 employees. Her husband is
chairman, and her son, Kenneth, is vice-president of finance and
e-commerce. Her business has expanded to include fragrances, eyewear and
home décor. In 2011, Natori teamed up with mass retailer Target for a
budget-friendly line of lingerie and loungewear. That same year, her
company generated $150 million in retail sales.
"Some people may see their immigrant status as an obstacle," she says.
"I have always viewed it as one of my biggest assets. Natori is unique
in the design world, because of its East-meets-West aesthetic. All of
that is due to my background and heritage."
02. Lowell Hawthorne
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Age: 52
Country of origin: Jamaica
Occupation: Founder and CEO, Golden Krust Caribbean Bakery and Grill
His advice to immigrant entrepreneurs: "Anybody can achieve the American
dream. You've got to be focused, educated, have discipline, and just go
for it."
Shortly after moving to the Bronx from Jamaica in 1981, Hawthorne, 21,
green card in hand, landed a job as an assistant stock handler with the
New York Police Department. He earned an associate's degree in
accounting from Bronx Community College and was eventually promoted to
accountant. But entrepreneurship beckoned.
Hawthorne had watched his father operate a bakery in his native Jamaica
and knew he wanted to work alongside family. So he pitched the idea for
Golden Krust, a Caribbean-themed, family-style eatery, to his seven
brothers and sisters who had also come to the U.S. At first, they
couldn't get a small business loan. "The banks were hesitant to grant
loans to new restaurants because of the failure rate -- especially niche
restaurants such as ours," Hawthorne recalls. "We also didn't have a
lot of personal assets to guarantee the loan." So the siblings took out
second mortgages on their homes and borrowed money from family and
friends, raising $107,000. In 1989, the first Golden Krust restaurant
opened in the Bronx. In 1991, Hawthorne left his job with the NYPD for
good. The next year, he became a U.S. citizen.
There are now more than 100 Golden Krust locations in nine states along
the Eastern seaboard. Hawthorne and Golden Krust have been profiled in
major publications such as The New York Times, the Washington Post and
Black Enterprise magazine. In 2011, the company generated $100 million
in revenue. Hawthorne says in addition to opening more franchises, there
are plans to expand the company with a line of cooking sauces.
"Risks not taken are opportunities missed," he says. "You've always got to take calculated risks in entrepreneurship.”
03. Arnold Schwarzenegger
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Age: 65
Country of origin: Austria
Occupation: Hollywood actor and former California governor
His advice to immigrant entrepreneurs: Don't let others' negativity discourage you from achieving your goals.
"Aw-nold" wasn't always a famous face with a big bank account. He's
originally from Thal, Austria, and immigrated to the United States in
1968 at age 21. His meal ticket back then was body-building.
Schwarzenegger would eventually become a five-time Mr. Universe and
seven-time Mr. Olympia champion, which helped open many doors for him --
especially in Hollywood. From 1969 to 1980, he was cast in a series of
small roles in films such as "Hercules in New York" and "Stay Hungry."
When he was cast as the title character in the 1982 film "Conan the
Barbarian," Schwarzenegger's acting career took off. He became a U.S.
citizen in 1983. One year later, he starred in "The Terminator" and has
gone on to star in more than 20 films.
Schwarzenegger's entrepreneurial ventures include the Arnold Sports
Festival, which he started in 1989 and is held annually in Columbus,
Ohio. It hosts thousands of international health and fitness
professionals and has expanded into a three-day expo. He was one of the
founding celebrity shareholders in the Planet Hollywood restaurant chain
that opened in 1991. Schwarzenegger also owns Oak Productions, Inc., a
movie production company, and Fitness Publications, a publishing
interest with Simon & Schuster.
In 2003, he ran for governor of California, and won, ultimately serving
two terms. Today, Schwarzenegger is worth an estimated $300 million. His
films have grossed $1.6 billion domestically. In October, he published
his memoir "Total Recall: My Unbelievably True Life Story."
Earlier this year, he was profiled in ESPN's "30 for 30" short
documentary-film series. During that interview, Schwarzenegger discussed
how early in his career, he refused to let naysayers stop him from
pursuing his dreams: "I didn't pay any attention to it. . . I did not
listen to the 'no' . . . and it worked out. I used that attitude as a
blueprint for the rest of my life."
04. Shama Kabani
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Age: 27
Country of origin: India
Occupation: Founder and CEO, the Marketing Zen Group
Her advice to immigrant entrepreneurs: "If you have an idea, put it out
there and then figure out how to improve it. Look beyond the bottom line
and toward the bigger impact."
Kabani came with her family to the United States from India in 1994 at
age 9. Kabani's father drove a taxi, and her mother ran a café, which
she later turned into a Subway franchise. "I saw them work hard and
doubly so because they were in a new country trying to adjust. They
worked very long hours, and I was a latchkey kid well into high school,"
she told Kiplinger. By age 10, Kabani had started her first business
selling gift wrapping paper, with her younger sister working as her
assistant.
In 2008, she earned a master's in organizational communications from the
University of Texas at Austin, where she wrote her thesis on the impact
of Twitter and social media. "When I finished grad school, I knew I
wanted a job in social media. I applied to several companies, but no one
would hire me." The demand for social media professionals simply there
yet. Instead of letting rejection discourage her, Kabani founded the
Marketing Zen Group, a full-service online marketing and digital PR
firm.
Today, Kabani's company has gone from being a one-woman show to
employing 30, including her husband Arshil, who serves as vice president
and legal counsel. In 2011, annual sales reached around $1 million, a
figure that is expected to double in 2012. Kabani has been featured in
national publications such as Forbes, Bloomberg Businessweek and
Entrepreneur.
Kabani took her oath to become a naturalized citizen on October 29.
"It's been a long process that took three years,” she says. Her husband
is a natural-born citizen, so she was able to apply through him. For
other aspiring immigrant entrepreneurs, Kabani advises: "Pursue
entrepreneurship if you have a passion for something. A lot of people
see it as a way to make money -- and it shouldn't always be about that."
05. Sergey Brin
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Age: 39
Country of origin: Russia
Occupation: Co-founder and director of special projects, Google
His advice to immigrant entrepreneurs: "Success will come from simplicity."
During a wave of resurgent anti-Semitism, Brin's family left Moscow for
America in 1979 when he was 6 years old. They settled in Adelphi, Md.
Brin followed in the footsteps of his father, a mathematician and
economist, by earning a B.A. in mathematics and computer science in 1993
at the University of Maryland. From there, it was on to Stanford
University where Brin received a masters of science and Ph.D. It was at
Stanford that he met Larry Page. The now-legendary duo later came up
with the idea for Google, launching the search engine in 1998. When the
company went public in 2004 (opening at $85 per share), Brin became a
billionaire overnight. His net worth is now $22.5 billion.
These days, Brin continues to innovate. Google teamed up with fashion
designer Diane von Furstenburg during Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week earlier
this year. The models in her show captured their runway experience
wearing Google Glass, technology-driven eyewear that allows users to
take pictures and send messages. The product has generated lots of
interest in the tech world. In September, his company also announced its
newest project, Google for Entrepreneurs. It's aimed at connecting
business owners with local programs and online resources to help their
companies get off the ground.
In 2007, Brin was included in a CNN Money feature that asked several
prominent entrepreneurs to share how they were able to achieve such
success and stay ahead of the curve. He stressed how keeping things
simple at Google -- focusing on a few small projects and doing them
really well -- has helped the company become a household name:
"Technology has this way of becoming overly complex, but simplicity was
one of the reasons that people gravitated to Google initially . . .
success will come from simplicity."
06. Carlos Castro
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Age: 58
Country of origin: El Salvador
Occupation: President and CEO, Todos Supermarket
His advice to immigrant entrepreneurs: "Never let discrimination be an excuse for not being successful."
Castro fled to California from civil war-torn El Salvador in 1980 at age
26, forced to leave his wife and young children behind. "At the time, I
worked in the factories. The guerilla unions were taking over the
factories and the jobs . . . there were many kidnappings and killings,"
he told Kiplinger.
Castro, who entered the U.S. illegally, eventually landed in the
Washington, D.C.-area. He worked as a janitor and as a dishwasher and
cook at a restaurant before becoming a legal resident in 1986. He
started working construction and saved enough money to reunite with his
family in D.C. By 1987, he had opened a small construction business of
his own.
In 1988, a family friend suggested that he and his wife Gladis start a
Hispanic grocery store. The couple spent the next couple of years trying
to learn as much as possible about starting a small business. Once they
had enough money, they opened the first Todos Supermarket in
Woodbridge, Va., in 1990.
The first year was rough. Money was tight, and both Carlos and Gladis
still had to work other jobs to help make ends meet at home. "My wife
was making more cleaning houses than we were at the first store," Castro
recalls. He eventually turned things around and opened a second Todos
location in Alexandria, Va., in 1998. By 2001, business had grown so
much that he had to move the first store from its 5,000-square-foot
space to a 15,000-square-foot building. "That's when profits really
started to roll in," Castro says. In 2007, he opened another location in
Dumfries, Va.
Todos Supermarkets took in $15.9 million last year and projects sales of
about $18 million for 2012. When it comes to starting your own company,
there will be plenty of naysayers, Castro says. "That's why it's
important to always believe in yourself."
07. Jose Wilfredo Flores
Courtesy of Poon Watchara-Amphaiwan
Age: 42
Country of origin: El Salvador
Occupation: Owner and founder, W Concrete
His advice to immigrant entrepreneurs: "Do it right and nobody can stop you."
At the age of 14, Flores made a month-long pilgrimage from El Salvador
to Philadelphia to escape the country's brutal civil war. If he had
remained in his homeland, he would've had one of two options: Join the
guerillas or join the army. "The guerillas would come to our house,"
Flores told Kiplinger. "We had to hide. You couldn't say no because then
they would think you were on the army's side and shoot you. A few hours
later, the army guys would come and say, 'We want food. We want to take
you.' If you said no, they'd think you were with the guerillas."
When he arrived in the U.S., he was crammed into a U-Haul truck with
other illegal immigrants. The truck was pulled over by police. Most of
the van's occupants were detained, but Flores was released because of he
was a minor. He made his way to Washington, D.C., where his uncle and
18-year-old brother lived. "I came to America with no shoes, no nothing
-- not even a dollar.”
Upon arriving in D.C., Flores worked part-time cleaning offices while
attending Lincoln Middle School. “I didn’t have enough money to buy a
French fry,” he says. At 15, he left school to work full-time in
construction, using falsified documents that said he was 18. “Fake ID,
fake Social Security, everything was fake. Nobody checked,” he says. He
later became eligible for a legal work permit (he is now a U.S.
citizen). By age 25, he had learned the concrete business and was
supervising a crew of 50, earning more than $60,000 a year. Despite
having secured himself a good job, Flores dreamed of starting his own
business.
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